http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/2746 ISSN: 2073-9524 (Print) ISSN: 2310-8746 (Online) Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Language: English Subjects: Agricultural Sciences First Published: 30 June 2009 Frequency: Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is published 2 times a year. Publisher: College of Agriculture - University of Diyala Fri, 17 Apr 2026 16:41:10 GMT 2026-04-17T16:41:10Z http://148.72.244.84:80/xmlui/bitstream/id/8404c3a3-151d-4d00-a31b-0b5c93524d59/الزراعة.jpg http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/2746 http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16864 Effect of Clipping Frequencies on Forage Production and Nutrient Value of Pasture Herbaceous Khalid Ismail, Saleem In the rural areas, rangelands play a crucial role in feeding livestock (sheep, goats, and cattle). However, since 2000, overgrazing has led to significant degradation of northern Iraq pastures. This study examined the effect of different clipping frequencies (non-clipped, once-clipped, twice-clipped, and triple-clipped) on natural vegetation’s quality and quantity to simulate grazing. The results found that clipping increased moisture content but not significantly across multiple clipping. Once-clipped vegetation had the highest wet weight 1306.5 g/m2, while non-clipped and once-clipped treatments had the highest dry weights 402.5 and 410.8 g/m2 respectively. More frequent clippings reduced dry weight and dry matter percentages, whereas clipping did not significantly affect organic matter percentage. Once-clipped significantly reduced crude fiber 22.38% but this reduction was not significant beyond the first cutting. However, clipping increased crude protein percent, especially with triple-clipping 7.68%, and slightly increase ash content. Clipping also reduced ether extract and increased nitrogen-free extract slightly. The study concluded that minimal clipping preserves plant mass and improve crude protein and ash percentages while reducing fiber and ether extract. Once and twice clipping balances yield and nutritional quality, with once-clipping being optimal for wet yield and twice- clipping enhancing nutritional quality with manageable yield loss. Triple-clipping is not recommended due to significant yield reduction. For optimal forage quality and sustainability, once and twice clipping is recommended, making the forage more digestible without significant nutrient losses. Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16864 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16863 Propagation of Ammi visnaga (L.) Under the Influence of Inorganic of Some Chromium Metabolites Khellin, Visnaginby in Vitro Culture Technique Nadhim Salim, Ghanim; Ekhlas Meteab, Ahmed; Wijdan Saadi, Aziz The experiment was carried out. To know the effect of adding KNO3, KH2PO4, and CaCl2 to the callus of the plant Ammi visnaga that produces metabolic compounds khellin and visnagin. The seeds were planted on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at levels 0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg L-1 mixed with Kinetin 6-furfurylo- amino-purine a level of 2.5 mg L-1. After germination of the seeds the shoot tips were taken and grown on WPM medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 mg L-1 mixed with kinetin at a level. 2.5 mg L-1. After obtaining the callus, it was grown on WPM medium supplied with KNO3 at a level of 0.0, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 g L-1 and KH2PO4 at a level of 0.0, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 g L-1 and CaCl2.2H2O at a level of 0.0, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 g L-1.The results showed that the level was 3.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and Kinetin at 2.5 mg L-1 gave the highest germination rate. The level of 3.0 mg L-1 2,4-D with 2.5 mg L-1 Kinetin achieved the highest percentage of callus formation 95.80%. The highest level of visnagin and khellin was obtained when adding KNO3 at a level of 0.30 g L-1, KH2PO4 at a level of 0.30 g L-1 and CaCl2 at a level of 0.20 g L-1. The addition of element salts affected the callus content of khellin and vinsangen compounds. Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16863 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16636 Study the Effect of Soil Compaction and Biochar on Some Soil Physical Parameters Ali Kadhim, Ahmed; Ibrahim Ahmad, Hadres; Ahmed, Albajary; Solarov, Oleksandr An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil compaction levels and biochar addition on some soil physical parameters, namely; bulk density, particle density, soil porosity, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration. It included two factors: soil compaction with two levels of 0 and 2 kg and biochar addition with two levels of 0 and 2 %. The results showed that the soil compaction of 2 kg significantly affected in the bulk density, soil porosity, and hydraulic conductivity comparing with the soil compaction 0 kg, with no significant effect on particle density and infiltration. Meanwhile, 2 % biochar addition significantly affected in the bulk density, soil porosity, and hydraulic conductivity compared with 0 % biochar addition, with no significant effect on particle density and infiltration. Moreover, the results showed that the interaction between soil compaction and biochar addition led to a significant effect giving lowest bulk density 0.99 Mg m-3, particle density 2.42 Mg m-3, hydraulic conductivity 1.46 cm h-1, and highest soil porosity 59.20 %, with 0 kg soil compaction and 2 % biochar, but lowest infiltration 8.10 cm h-1 with 2 kg soil compaction and 2 % biochar. Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16636 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16635 Growth, Physiological Response, and Phytochemical Composition of Mustard Plant as Affected by Light Intensity and Deficient Irrigation Omar Ali, Ahmed; Husham A., Alqaderi; Walid M. Al-Busaidi, Al-Busaidi Mustard is a medicinal plant known in various civilizations for its distinctive properties. Enhancing the production of primary and secondary metabolites in medicinal plants depends on light intensity and irrigation. This study evaluated the effects of two levels of light intensity full sun light (no shade) and 50% of sunlight (50% of shade) and four levels of irrigation (40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity) on the growth, physiology, and phytochemical and antioxidant activity of mustard (Brassica juncea) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in plant height, chlorophyll pigments (ab - b - a), stem dry weight, and seed yield at 50% of light intensity. Meanwhile, the quantification of total phenolic and flavonoids content (TPC and TFC), and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) significantly increased under low irrigation levels. Irrigation at 60% increased the TPC by 80.32% compared with 100% irrigation. High TPC and DPPH activity were observed at 40% irrigation. The RSR was significantly affected by high light intensity, increasing by 68.97% under full sunlight. Growth and chlorophyll pigments were more affected by light intensity than phytochemical compounds, which were more influenced by deficient irrigation. Under 50% of sunlight, the mustard plant allocated more biomass to the shoot system than to the root. In conclusion, the increase in seed yield is linked to optimal levels of lighting. Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/16635 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z